<LI><A NAME="tex2html2" HREF="node3.html#1118"><b>Symbolic Semantics, Symbolic Concepts</b>.
Meaning and non-linguistic concepts arise independently of each
other.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html3" HREF="node3.html#1126"><b>Grounded Semantics</b>.  Meaning arises directly out
of perception but is kept separate from non-linguistic
concepts.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html4" HREF="node3.html#1134"><b>Grounded Semantics/Concepts</b>.  Meaning and concepts are
not distinguished; interactions between language and
perception can occur.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html5" HREF="node4.html#1142"><b>Vertical and Horizontal Approaches to
Language</b>.  Approaches may cover crucial interactions in toy worlds
(vertical) or a single domain in a relatively broad fashion
(horizontal).</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html6" HREF="node7.html#1151"><b>Spatial Relations Across Languages</b>.
Different languages divide up the space of CONTACT/SUPPORT
relations in different ways.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html8" HREF="node10.html#1159"><b>Basic Components of the Vision System</b> (based on Kosslyn,
1994).  Separate modules are responsible for what is seen in the
current Attention Window and where objects are in the current Visual
Buffer.  Vision makes contact with the rest of cognition in the
Associative Memory.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html9" HREF="node16.html#1167"><b>Playpen Architecture.</b>  Spatial concepts emerge out of the
interplay of non-linguistic
perceptual input, linguistic input, and action.
Portions we focus on are highlighted in boldface or
with thick lines.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html10" HREF="node16.html#1175"><b>Playpen Architecture: Vision and
Language</b>.  Visual objects and nouns are tied together on the What
side of the system.  Visual and linguistic relations are tied together
on the Where side.
Most of what is shown has not been implemented; the
regions we have focused on are highlighted in boldface or
with thick lines.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html11" HREF="node18.html#1191"><b>OUs in the Representation of Noun Meaning</b>.
Nouns and visual objects are both represented by OUs; during
production or comprehension synchronized phase angles bind together
nouns and their internal ``referents''.
Unit activation is represented by brightness, and phase angles are
indicated by the blue triangles.  The dashed green arrows represent
trainable connections which have developed positive
weights.  Only a minimum number of units is shown.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html12" HREF="node20.html#1199"><b>Attempt at Representing Relation-Relation
Correlations.</b>  Two units in each of two different layers on the Where
side of the network are shown.
Green connections have positive
weights, red connections negative weights.
This network offers no way to relate the location and size relations
to one another directly.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html13" HREF="node21.html#1207"><b>Relation Units.</b>  Two RUs are shown, each surrounded by a
magenta border.  Both are in their active state: all four arms are
maximally activated and the bias units are inhibited.
The two RUs are connected to each other on their RU interfaces, and
each RU is also connected to two OUs on its OU interface.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html14" HREF="node21.html#1223"><b>Relation Units in the Representation of Word
Meaning.</b> Only one of many possibly relevant units is shown in the
Spatial Relation Concepts and Location layers.  The RU interfaces of
the RUs appear on top, the OU interfaces on the bottom.  Only the
positive connections between the two RUs are shown; there would be also be
connections with weight 0 joining the opposing arms of the two RU
interfaces. The trajector OU implements the phase relationship between
the trajector arm of the word RU and the corresponding noun
OU.</A>
